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An Overview on Federal Budget Situation of the Year 2001 794
Overview on the United States Federal Budget Situation of the year 2001, with Emphasize on Federal Debt Over the Previous years, and with Reference to Historical Data, Budget Structure, Its Management, Economic Uses and Future Evolution. The summary provides an overview on federal budget situation of the year 2001, with emphasize on federal debt over the previous years, and with reference to historical data, budget structure, its management, economic uses and future evolution. The report deals with a temporary positive turn of situation over the time period 1998-2001 regarding the state of federal budget. Previously, U.S. economy had confronted with a severe recession. Government had run a budget deficit of $168.1 billion in the fiscal year 1988, $152.1 billion in the fiscal year 1989, $220.4 billion in 1990 and a $288 billion deficit in fiscal year 1991. The economic decline reached its lower limit in the fiscal year 1992, when US Government ran an alarming $293.2 billion deficit. However, the next years brought about the long awaited change. Thus, the economic situation set out to recovery as lower deficits started to be achieved: $254.9 billion in 1993, $233 billion in
The Examination of Frank Lloyd Wright 1858
Frank Lloyd Wright (1867 to 1959) is currently recognized as a dominant figure in the history of modern architecture and the greatest influence related to design in the United States during the first half of the 20th century. During his long and highly creative career, Wright designed and constructed a unique body of work that endures to this very day. Beginning in 1889 with the design of his own home in Oak Park, Illinois, Wright went on to create and design hundreds of private, commercial and civic buildings, ranging from homes of the rich and famous to churches and schools. His varied architectural style is generally unified via underlying principles related to change and innovation which are reflected in his structures, all bearing a sense of unity, privacy and a free expression of interior space. Wright also designed and created furniture, art glass, lighting fixtures, table linens, carpets and garages. But most important, Wright always experimented with form and materials, aid
Persuasion and Propaganda: Compared and Contrasted 303
Persuasion: As a definition, persuasion refers to advice or urging by another person, usually through "argument, entreaty or expostulation" with the result being a change in one's position or course of action (Mish, 1991, p. 878). Thus, persuasion is an act or process aimed at convincing a person that another belief or practice is better and superior to the belief or practice currently held or believed. Propaganda: In contrast, propaganda, ori
The Theories of Psychoanalysis 2211
In the early 20th century, Sigmund Freud's theories of psychoanalysis, slowly but powerfully, caught on in America (Fancher, 1998). America has always been, historically and philosophically, a land of individualism, personal discovery, and drive toward self-knowledge and self-actualization. Therefore, Freud's theory of psychoanalysis - with its key emphasis on self-discovery through intricate self-analysis, offered Americans ideas much akin to those with which they were already comfortable - self-actualization; self-knowledge; self-understanding. Some Americans knew already of Freud's preliminary groundbreaking works, The Interpretation of Dreams (1899, 1900) and the bestselling Dora [also known as "Fragmented Analysis of a Case of Hysteria"] (1900). However, what was perhaps most intriguing about Freud's theories, to Americans, was the idea that happiness was within the grasp of the individual. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was the founder of modern-day psychoanalysi
Synopsis of the Article 790
Because I am generally interested in issues of workplace diversity, the scholarly research article I located, that was of greatest interest to me, was called Recent research on team and organizational diversity: SWOT analysis and implications (Journal of Management 29(6), pp. 801-830). This was a qualitative (Lincoln & Denzin, 2004) research study, published in the Journal of Management in 2003. I also found two other, in some ways similar, articles on workplace diversity, called (1) Diversity and productivity in production teams (Hamilton, Mickerson, Jackson & Olin, May 2004); and (2) Top management team diversity, group process, and strategic consensus (Knight, Pearce, Smith, Olian, Smith, Sims, & Flood,1999), but of the three articles, the first, Recent research on team and organizational diversity: SWOT analysis and implications (2004), seemed the most interesting, and also seemed to have broadest possible implications for future study and practice. To define the business research of which this study consisted, and its purpose, the study looked at sixty-three previous studies on workplace diversity, and drew general conclusions about them for future r
The Financial Market and Bankruptcy Laws 1761
Writing in USA Today, Joseph S. Pomykala, assistant professor of economics at Towson University, began paving the way rhetorically in 1999 for the consumer bankruptcy laws that went into effect in 2005. The new consumer bankruptcy law substantially eliminated bankruptcy as an escape hatch for the middle-class, and even for the poor. Pomykala's article chronicled abuses of the law extant then, mainly by the upper-middle and upper-classes, and argued in favor of instituting tougher laws to prevent bankruptcy from being a financial panacea for individuals and a financial quagmire for businesses and for the sharing of the debt burden by everyone who has not declared bankruptcy. Pomykala's main argument is that, after literally centuries of draconian bankruptcy law in western society, including literally rending a debtor's body asunder under ancient Roman law (the origin of the phrase 'a pound of flesh'), today's consumer bankruptcy laws are far too lax, permitting debtors to run up e
Analysis of The Technology Voice Over IP 1313
Introduction: Though communication have been existing for a long time, changes in method have been taking place all the time, so that costs are reduced and one of the latest methods is to communicate through IP or Voice over IP - VoIP. Analysis: The technology of sending voice is already over a hundred years old, but earlier there had been less important developments in technology over the earlier systems of PBX and key system technologies which had been developed for many years. The new technology that has now been developed is of sending voice over IP which is replacing the earlier TDM products and now with the development of technology the changes in technology of voice can have an important role to play in organizations. The change is more important than just converting the earlier used system of time division multiplexing or TDM to Internet Protocol or IP. This is the first step of companies to solve difficulties regarding costs and achieving business goals of the organizat
An Economic Indicators 677
To formulate the nation's monetary police, the Federal Reserve (Fed) considers several factors, including: the real gross domestic product (GDP), the consumer price index (CPI), non-farm payroll employment, housing starts, industrial production/ capacity utilization, retail sales, business sales and inventories, advance durable goods shipments (new orders and unfilled orders), lightweight vehicle sales, yield on 10-year Treasury Bond, the Standard and Poors (S&P) 500 Stock Index, and M2, in addition to anecdotal information from the Beige Book. (Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 2005). In order to understand how the Fed formulates monetary policy, one must understand how each of these factors contributes to an understanding of monetary policy. In this paper, the role of both lightweight vehicle sales and the S&P 500 stock index in the formulation of the nation's monetary policy will be explained. The S&P 500 is "one of several indices designed to measure changes in price of a broad array of
An Incurable But Manageable Chronic Genetic Illness 1855
Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the inherited illness, sickle cell anemia, its diagnosis, treatment and containment of its health implications for patients young and old. It devotes special attention to the difficult subject of how to counsel children through the frightening aspects of the disease, such as chronic pain and promising new treatments for the disease overall. Despite the illness' chronic nature, it is a containable illness for most patients, and enables them, with proper care, to have full lives, even though there is as yet no cure. Textbook definition of the disability According to the National Institute of Health, (2005) sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disease. This means individuals are born with the illness. One cannot catch the disease from other people but parents can pass the illness on to their children through their genetic material. ("What is Sickle Cell Anemia," NIH, 2003) Sickle cell anemia lasts throughout the duration of an indivi
Developing Organizational Skills Early in Children 989
Opening Statement There are many external, uncontrollable forces that place stress on the day-to-day routine of the average American family. For example, it is impossible to completely control the pressure exerted by work, homework, and extracurricular activities. The main reason that these activities can be so stressful is that people simply do not have the time to do everything that needs to be done within the average day. There is no way to increase the amount of time in a day, but by incorporating simple organizational techniques into the daily routine, a family can vastly decrease the amount of time it takes to do daily chores and increase the amount of time available for other activities. There are three main areas of organization that can assist families with school-age children. The first area of organization is organization within the home. For example, it takes much less time for each family member to get cleaned up and dressed in the morning if personal hygiene item
Effects and Uses Standardized Testing For Learning Disabled Student 2094
Literature Review Effects and Uses Standardized Testing For Learning Disabled Students Early studies on standardized achievement tests among learning-disabled children suggest that with regard to standardized achievement tests, learning-disabled students typically exhibit "cognitive and affective deficits" on certain test-taking aspects (Scruggs 267). These deficits may be alleviated in part through training and education for test takers and administrators (Scruggs, 1986). While deficits exist many in the educational community still believe standardized achievement testing is an important and vital function of education (Scruggs, 1986). Still other measures are necessary to fully understand the abilities of learning disabled students and to improve their test taking skills, attitudes toward tests and ability to take tests as accurately as possible (Scruggs, 1986). The Council for Learning Disabilities and National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities (NJCLD) (2004) recently te
Analysis on The History of Presidential Rhetoric 4006
Introduction Presidential rhetoric has long been a formula used by this nation's leaders. The purpose of this discussion is to analyze the history of presidential rhetoric and how the rhetoric used in the early days of the republic relate to the manner in which presidential rhetoric has been used in more recent times. The research will also seek to determine whether presidential rhetoric is used to sway opinions, to manipulate the political system or both. The discussion will also determine if presidents use rhetoric to set agendas. Let us begin our discussion by defining rhetoric in general and presidential rhetoric in particular. Presidential Rhetoric Rhetoric is an ancient aspect of oration. In fact there are three types of rhetoric that have been historically recognized. These types include the following "(a) deliberative-to persuade an audience (such as a legislature) to approve or disapprove a matter of public policy; (b) forensic-to achieve (as in a trial) condemnatio
Ethiopian Romance 1591
The third century Greek author Heliodorus is widely credited for penning one of the first adventure novels. Heliodorus' Ethiopian Romance, or Aethiopica as it was known in its original translation (it is also sometimes known as Theagenes and Chariclea after the names of the main romantic protagonists) is a self-evidently fictitious tale that depicts the struggle of two star-crossed lovers. Of course, the title characters are destined to marry in the end, but only after their fortunes are temporarily separated by evildoers and by fate. The most common name of novel gets its title from the continent where it begins and ends. The reader learns that Ethiopian girl Chariclea is the daughter of the king and queen of Ethiopia, King Hydaspes, and Queen Persinnia. However, Chariclea does not know her true, royal identity. The reader first meets Chariclea in disguise, not just as a woman, but as a human being. Weeping over the fact that she fears her lover is dead, bandits at first take her
The Influences of Social Category of Gender 1764
INTRODUCTION From the time of our birth, the social category of gender influences our identity.   The term "sex" refers to a person's biology, i.e. one's chromosomes, presence or absence of testes or ovaries, genitalia, hormones and secondary sex characteristics, such as hair, breast development, and physique. "Gender" refers to social characteristics associated with biological sex. In sex and gender studies, the distinction between the terms "sex" and "gender" emphasizes the socially constructed nature of gender characteristics. Gender  determines our identity in the roles we will play within society [Loux, 1997]. Basically our society has defined gender as attributed to "masculine" or "feminine". This can be a little insufficient since sociologists question whether or not, are all males masculine and all females feminine? In the social sense the infant is not male or female but the continuance nurturing forces us to acquire dominant characteristics of male and female. Boys are t
Bottom's Role in A Midsummer Night's Dream 1104
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the play "No Fear Shakespeare: A Midsummer Night's Dream" by William Shakespeare. Specifically it will discuss Bottom's role in the play, and critics' views of this role. It will also look at why this lighthearted comedy is so appealing to readers even today. Bottom's character is amusing and a bit sad, but the basis for his character with the head of an ass goes far back into medieval myth and legend. Bottom is based on a long tradition of mockery and criticism of the Catholic Church and Shakespeare uses the character quite effectively to show the authoritarian role of the Church in Elizabethan times. However, there are many other critical interpretations of his character. Some call Bottom Shakespeare's best comedic character, and whatever his meaning, he certainly makes the audience sit up, take notice, and chuckle. Throughout the play, the character of Bottom just seems to stand out. There are many theories abou
Analysis on The American History 2148
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the topic of American history. Specifically it will compare and contrast African American soldiers from the North and the South during the Civil War. African American soldiers did not make up a majority of troops during the Civil War. In fact, many Southern states would not allow black soldiers to organize and fight. However, several black regiments were formed on both sides, and did see quite a bit of action during the war. African American soldiers played an important part in the Civil War, and just as their brothers and sisters who toiled in bondage, their commanding officers and their leaders did not always treat them equally with their white counterparts. It was not until 1862 that African American soldiers could enlist in the Civil War. In 1862, President Lincoln created the Emancipation Proclamation, which called for black freedom from slavery once the war was over, and allowed blacks to enlist in the Norther
The Phenomenon of Moral Panic 2973
Free speech is protected by the First Amendment of the United States Constitution, but many people in this country would like to clarify that "singing" or "rapping" is not literally the same as "speaking." The gung-ho War on Drugs that has been a major part of the American political games for several decades has gained a great deal of momentum in recent years, perhaps trying to compete for attention with its illegitimate sibling, the War on Terror. All broadcast and print media is infused with one public service message after another encouraging parents to become the embodiment of the Anti-Drug by cracking down on their children's friends, entertainment, privacy, and personal philosophies. One of the elements of popular culture that is consistently under attack as part of this War On Drugs is music, and whether the genre be rock, rap, or techno, drug-related content will come under fire by politics, religious conservatives, and controlling parents. Every year, some concerned citi
The Importance of Comprehensive Classroom Management 1772
The teacher is a manger. The organization he or she manages is a group of students from diverse backgrounds and with differing skills and abilities. Some are already eager learners, while others have to be awakened to the joys and satisfactions of learning. Still others have special problems that must be dealt with effectively in order for them to learn and in order to maintain an environment conducive to learning for the whole group. It's important, first, to provide students with opportunities to learn about things that interest them and then, to find ways to introduce the learning that peaks the student's interest. If the teacher can find ways to relate the topic to the student's present experience, and provide interactive learning activities that the student can actively participate in, then the student will gain motivation. The physical environment plays a role in learning too. Some students learn better in different lighting (softer or brighter), sitting at a desk or lyin
The Media Coverage of Crime 1390
Americans turn to the popular media, especially television, to keep them up-to-date on breaking news. The media often serve a valuable public service in this way because they distribute information on Amber Alerts and other situations where cooperation of the public can help, such as avoiding areas where a large fire is in progress or a highway blocked by an accident. However, we also have examples of situations where the media got so involved in an incident that they affected events involving crimes. One such incident happened in Florida in 1955 when Cheryl Ann Barnes left home on January 3 but never showed up at her high school (Barney et. al., 1996). Cheryl's grandparents contacted the media to draw more attention to the search for Cheryl. They worked with the media effectively and provided them with things like videotape of Cheryl singing in her church choir. Cheryl's grandparents believed the girl had been kidnapped, and encouraged the media to keep this scenario in the public e
The Theory and Medical Treatment of ADHD 1181
For the past several decades the terms learning disorders, learning dysfunctions, learning disabilities, learning differences, and attention-deficit disorders have made the rounds in the educational, medical, and psychological journals. The concepts have been studied routinely and thoroughly with similar and distinct differences. Some theoreticians and educators include the concepts of dyslexia, hyperactivity, interrupted concentration, anxiety, perceptual dysfunction, and a host of other variables as belonging to the definition of what should be called a learning puzzle rather than a dysfunction. If the perception of a piece is placed before the recognition of the whole, then treatment is item specific and not supportive of the entire structure. In other words, learning, and the process whereby it is completed or interrupted, must be viewed in relation to the whole structure rather than identified by its parts. The learning puzzle can be properly described as an intricate formation of
A Brief Outlook Into the Symptoms and Treatment Methods Available 993
Introduction Attention deficit Hyperactivity disorder is a common neurobehavioral disorder identified among 4 to 8% of children. Though, primarily a childhood condition, the disorder may persist into adulthood. Statistics show that in around 60 to 80% of the children, symptoms of the disorder continue to persist in their adolescence. [Vincent Lanelli] Statistics also indicate that the disorder is more prevalent among boys than with girls with an approximately prevalence ratio of 3:1 (boysgirls). Three forms of the disease are identified among children namely the 'Predominantly inattentive type', 'Hyperactive type' and 'Combinational type'. Children with the hyperactive condition are fidgety and impulsive, exhibiting restless behavior. The predominantly inattentive type on the other hand, have difficulties in focusing on any task or absorbing things and have difficulties in carrying out even routine tasks. The combinational type, as the name suggests is a mixture of the symptoms of b
The Federal Reserve Board 666
The Federal Reserve Board consists of seven members appointed by the President and approved by the Senate. Of them, two are chosen by the President to be the Chair and Vice Chair. Members serve on the Board for terms of 14 years; terms for the Chair and Vice-Chair are four years. The long length of the appointments is important due to the nature of the Board's work. The Board of Governors [Board] for the Federal Reserve System are charged with "setting the nation's monetary policy to promote the objectives of maximum employment, stable prices and moderate long-term interest rates" ("Purposes and Functions," 2005, p.15). Members must have assured longevity in their post to ensure consistency and stability in their monetary policy decisions. The Federal Reserve has three methods through which it controls the supply of money: open market operations, the discount rate and reserve requirements. Open market operations consist of the purchase and sale of securities. Control of the
Ethics and Morality According to Kant 1700
Morality has been a question studied by philosophers for thousands of years and for a number of reasons. In many cases, it is considered the foundation of the most profound religions in the world and the premise upon which laws of great societies are based. From Plato to Ayn Rand, the question of what is right and wrong and how we determine it has puzzled great thinkers. For example, Aristotle discussed morality in the light of knowledge, reason and emotion. Conversely, Kant argued that morality was independent of our feelings: an a priori imperative that we had a duty to follow. The divergent views of these two renowned philosophers illustrate two distinct ways the argument of morality has developed. The differences start with their basic definition of morality and the arguments continue to deviate as they discuss the impact of human nature on morality. It is at that point where their principle precepts of morality are tested with human action that Kant's theory falls apart an
A Well-Structured Analysis on Bush Administrations 1856
John Newhouse provides a well structured and reasoned analysis of the Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the resulting war in Iraq in his book Imperial America. He begins by pointing out the diplomatic errors that were made almost immediately after the terrorist attacks. Essentially, he argues that the concern for the United States across the world and overt empathy expressed by many nations provided several opportunities for the president to drastically improve relations with France, North Korea, Iran, Israel, as well as other Middle Eastern nations that were quickly squandered. He notes with respect to Iran, "Washington's harsh reaction, notably Bush's 'axis of evil' remark in his 2002 State of the Union address, damaged prospects for beginning to repair a bilateral relationship with Ira, a relationship with surpassing strategic importance," (Newhouse 4). Additionally, the United States' unilateral response to this terrorism was both mi
The Virgin Suicides by Jeffrey Eugenides 1462
The novel The Virgin Suicides by Jeffrey Eugenides can be described as a novel about youth and lost innocence, a perennial subject for novelists, but treated in this novel in a different and highly effective way. The novel is set in the 1970s well into Middle American territory, raising all of the social attitudes of that time and place and showing once more that youth is not always the innocent time adults would like to believe it to be. For that mater, the comfortable existence of the people in this novel is itself an illusion. The novel is set at a time when many of their verities were being challenged by change in the country, change that middle-class Americans resisted and that in some ways left them behind. This community was the result of white flight to suburbia from a decade before, with the men (primarily) traveling some distance to work in the city, then to return home to the suburbs. The streets of suburbia are regular and much the same for block after block, allowing
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