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Hydrogen: A New Power Paradigm 1867
With the price and the demand for oil rising, many believe that it is time we begin to use alternative sources of power. The use of alternatives to oil will become more necessary as the oil reserves are being continually depleted. Fifty years from now, we many not have the option to use oil as our main source of fuel to power cars because the rate at which we are consuming it suggests that there will not be any left. Therefore many scientists and technology experts, in recent years, have begun to test the viability of other sources of power. Hydrogen, one of the power alternatives to oil, has received a great deal of attention because of its abundance. When we can no longer rely on oil, hydrogen may become the new power paradigm. Author Ty Cashman states its numerous benefits in an essay concerning the use of hydrogen as a power source: Hydrogen is the fuel of the future. Hydrogen is a non-polluting fuel (water is the exhaust). Hydrogen can fuel today's internal combustion e
Definition of Ethnomusicology 1183
In spite of its myriad methodologies and definitions of terms, ethnomusicology always examines music in a cross-cultural framework, identifying the social functions of music in addition to its formal structures. Three relatively old ethnomusicology studies published in the Ethnomusicology journal illustrate differences in methodology and area of interest as well as similarities regarding the basic purpose of studying ethnomusicology in the first place. Victor Graver's "Some Song-Style Clusters-A Preliminary Study" is the most technical of the three essays and leans more toward musicology than ethnography; Graver's work is pan-cultural. On the other hand, both Alan P. Merriam's "The Importance of Song in the Flathead Indian Vision Quest" and Mervyn McLean's "Song Loss and Social Context Among the New Zealand Maori" examine music as one facet of a more comprehensive ethnography of a specific cultural group. These three scholastic sources illuminate the various paths an ethnomusicologist
A New Marker at an Historic Church 664
A New Marker at an Historic Church In 2001, a new historical marker was erected in Silver Bluff, SC. The reading on the marker read as follows: "this church, one of the first black Baptist churches in America, grew out of regular worship services held as early as 1750" (Silver Bluff Baptist Church Dedicates Marker). The worship services were held at Silver Bluff, the plantation of Indian trader George Galphin, originally a racially diverse, non-denominational congregation, but organized as Silver Bluff Baptist Church in 1773, with Reverend Walter Palmer as its first pastor(Silver Bluff Baptist Church Dedicates Marker). This is an impressive piece of information, but just as impressive is the history of how the first independent African churches developed in America. African Initiated Churches Research of this topic revealed the abbreviation "AIC", which depending upon the source, is defined as standing for African Independent Churches, African Indigenous Churches, Afric
The Effects of Mass Media and Media Communications 1112
In Chapter 12 of "A Cognitive Psychology of Mass Communication" Richard Harris discusses handling the media related to various new technologies and communicating about the media. Harris acknowledges that the reality people create from the media often differs from their perceptions of the real world. Further Harris asserts that people often perceive reality based on their interpretations of images presented by the media. Not only does the media affect behavior, but also individual's attitudes when people "implicitly assume the world of the media faithfully reflects the real world" (Harris, 2004:353). Further, Harris asserts that media is much changed in contemporary society, as such blurring the traditional lines between mass communication and personal communication (Harris, 2004). Thanks to technological innovations the media is now ever present in the lives of most individuals, and hence influences people's attitudes and perceptions even more. "Computer mediated" communication i
The Aspects of Relationship Between Individual and Society 1385
Aspects of the relationship between the individual and society are illustrated in various readings, presenting characters who themselves have a relationship with their society and who influence that society and are influenced by it in turn. The main character in Henry V by William Shakespeare is a king and so might be seen to represent society, but he is also an individual and is restricted in some degree in what he can do because he represents the people and long-standing traditions which govern his actions. In Henry V, Shakespeare depicts a king he views as efficient and practical, though this is not his highest ideal of what a ruler should be. In effect, he sees Henry V as a serviceable leader who could not be said to have been a great ruler. The play is structured specifically to illuminate aspects of Henry V's character, and each scene in the play leads the viewer to take another look at that character. Henry is presented as the ideal of England--not Shakespeare's ideal but
Emerging New Form of Philosophies 498
The development of society towards modernism from the 19th century to the present period gave birth to new ideologies and philosophies that did not only reflect the emergence of a modern society, but also the corresponding intellectual development that occurred with it. This corresponding intellectual development gave birth to new ideas that expanded humanity's understanding of the world and their everyday experiences in life. Among the most prevalent, new forms of philosophies that emerged during the modern period are the pragmatism, relativism, and irrationalism. These philosophies have contributed to changes in people's mindset: where once, it was believed that there is only one truth and path towards achieving knowledge, philosoph
The Poetry of Edgar Allen Poe 1651
The death of any loved one, especially a treasured wife, is certain to have an effect on the psyche of the widower who is left behind. Because of this inevitable psychological effect, we shouldn't be surprised to see a consequent change in behaviors or attitudes following such a loss. In the case of a poet, like Edgar Allen Poe, we should see clear evidence within the author's work of his feelings about the loss and towards the person who has departed. The death of Poe's wife had a noticeable effect on Poe, and especially his poetry. Examining both "Ulalume" and "Annabel Lee" we can see specific textual evidence of the influence that grief had on Poe's poetic productions. In these two poems Poe utilizes his classic gothic noir sensibilities, but imbues each poem with demonstrations of the void left by a lost love. In "Ulalume" Poe's darkness has not been affected much at all by the loss of his wife. As is common in many of Poe's works, there is an abundance of dark imagery to
The Other Side of the River 2106
Alex Kotlowitz, author of The Other Side of the River (1998) ends his book with a quotation from one of the people he interviewed: "These are not cities on different sides of the world. We're just separated by the river" (p. 308). It is an ironic ending for a book about torn race relations between Benton Harbor and St. Joseph, Michigan. What really separates the two cities is not the river but a long history of racial strife and hatred and a series of ugly altercations dating back as far as 1931 when the lynching of an African-American is believed to have taken place. I grew up in Detroit, and except for size (Benton Harbor has 12,000 residents and Detroit has about one million) the two places are very similar. In Detroit the racial separation is with the surrounding white suburbs. Eight Mile Road separates them instead of a river. But the feelings and the problems are much the same. I believe that the various racial incidents that happened between Benton Harbor and St. Josep
The Impact of Race Relations in U.S. Society 1268
Introduction Race relations in U.S. society have evolved only in an external way; internally-spiritually-they are much as they always were, with the minority race (whether of color or ethnic origin) feeling spiritually disenfranchised from the larger society. This is clear in a book by the late James Baldwin, The Fire Next Time, which concerns the religious experiences in America of a young black man who had been born in the United States. It is equally clear, although seen through a different fictional 'window,' in Bluebeard by Kurt Vonnegut. Bluebeard concerns what might be termed ethnicity rather than race, for the issues of inequality and a spiritual Diaspora are explored in that book through the character of an Armenian concentration camp survivor looking, through his artwork, for the same sort of spiritual explanations Baldwin's character seeks through religion. In both case, the quest is spiritual. Baldwin's spiritual journey Baldwin himself, no less than his charac
The Democratic Ideals 1088
Many of the reform movements in the Unites States between 1825 and 1850, aimed at restoring or building upon democratic ideals as expressed by the "Founding Fathers" in the late 1700's, are clearly demonstrated in the following seven sources-the Fourth Annual Report for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents in the City of New York (1829), Charles G. Finney (1834), Imminent Dangers to the Free Institutions of the United States by Samuel F.B. Morse (1835), William H. McGuffey (1836), the Constitution of the Brook Farm Association (1841), the Address of Orestes A. Brownson (1844), and the Seneca Falls Declaration (1848). The first source mentions that the city of New York "was the first to adopt the penitentiary system of prison discipline. . . to prevent the commission of crimes" related to young offenders who deserve "religious and moral instruction. . . useful knowledge. . . and industrious and orderly habits" in order to help them to become "valuable members of society" instead
Changes in Business Environment 4878
INTRODUCTION Anyone who is familiar with the major organizations in their area probably has observed firsthand how dramatically the business environment has changed in recent years. These changes have had a significant impact on organizational efforts to be successful. In practically every instance organizations have tried to more clearly identify and then focus on factors that impact their success. One factor that seems to be receiving more attention than any other are the people who work for organizations. What organizations are realizing is that their likelihood of sustained success is most dependent on learning to get the maximum out of their employees. Such a realization has had a significant impact on the practice of human resources management (HRM). What's more, business forecasters predict that the role of employees, managers, and HRM personnel are likely to see more changes in the decades ahead. Thus, individuals entering the business environment today (and tomorrow) requi
What the State of Florida Has to Offer 1649
The State of Florida is the southernmost state in the United States of America. Many people in the United States visit there every year to enjoy the sunshine, beaches, and to go to Walt Disney World. Florida has also been a popular retirement destination for a long time because of its warm, sunny weather. Florida has an interesting history, present, and future. Florida became the 27th state in the United States on March 3, 1845. It was named by Ponce de Leon who claimed the area he thought was an island for Spain. The name Florida comes from Pascua Florida which means "Feast of Flowers" at Easter time. Florida is commonly known by its official nickname: The Sunshine State. Of course, it earned that name by its excellent weather and favorable climate. The capital of Florida is Tallahassee. The capital is not the largest city in Florida, it is the eighth largest city. The flag of Florida is a white background with a large red "X" going from corner to corner. The state seal is
"The Suttee" Poem by Lydia Howard Huntley Sigourney 1468
A lot of people would not know what a Suttee is, but Lydia H. H. Sigourney's poem "The Suttee" reveals the practice in specific and horrific detail. The poem reflects her belief in living as a moral woman of her time, and her personal standards did not allow her to remain silent in the face of evil. The opening and closing of the poem are very powerful because they are so blunt and to the point without the flowery language see in the rest of the poem. She opens with the words, "She sat upon the pile by her dead lord...", and the poem ends with the line "That burning mother's scream ...". It is the story of an Indian woman who follows the practice of Suttee, or joining her husband on his funeral pyre. Sigourney does not pull her punches. She makes it clear that the people in her community approve of what she is doing and that she is not doing it out of love. Apparently she disliked her husband, because the poem says that she has been "bound ... fast down to her loathsome partner." B
Relationship Between Technology and Reading 1574
Introduction The intent of this paper is to discuss the relationship between technology and reading. Specifically the researcher will investigate how educators can use technology to support reading in science and in math. Technology has continually changed the way people think, talk and communicate; it is now changing the way people learn in the classroom (Yaworski, 2000). Studies suggest that more and more technology is becoming a primary mode of information gathering, acquisition, delivery and exchange (Yaworski, 2000). Educators must now "face the revolutionary effects of rapid technological advancement" combined with the challenge of keeping classrooms up to date (Yaworski, 2000: 19). One way that teachers can do this is by adopting new computer technologies to facilitated computer based instruction and greater reading ability and comprehension in the classroom. While computers won't necessarily improve reading comprehension in and of themselves in various subject content a
The History of Italian American Culture 632
Many Italians came to America during the colonial period. In fact, Christopher Columbus, an Italian, discovered the land that would later be colonized and become the United States. Italians often came to the United States for employment opportunities. Furthermore, some of these Italians were commissioned to come over and work in the colonies. Many of the Italian craftsmen who came over to work were asked by the colonies to do so. Venetian glass makers were brought to Jamestown to instruct others in the colonies and promote the trade. Additionally, Italians made other contributions to the colonial period. An Italian immigrant who contributed to the American way of thinking during this time was Philip Mazzei who made and active contribution to the Revolution by promoting a break from England. His views later helped to inspire Thomas Paine's Common Sense. There were also Italians such as Captain Richard Talliaferro and Ferdinan
Transition Planning for a Disabled Student 321
The three key elements that need to be in place for a disabled student's transition from a small to a larger school include: comprehensive planning, implementation of the plan of action and the four-fold element of coordination, cooperation, communication and collaboration. The first element involves two processes: a collective needs assessment involving the student and his or her supportive network of persons, and individual planning. The first process then involves consult
Analysis of Three Heroines in European Literature 768
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze three women characters in European literature. Specifically it will discuss Emma Bovary in Flaubert's "Madame Bovary," Hedda Gabler in Ibsen's "Hedda Gabler," and Lubov Ranevsky in Chekov's "The Cherry Orchard." All three of these women are dynamic and interesting characters who have lives that encourage them to daydream and find solutions for their empty lives. In "Hedda Gabler," Hedda is childish, selfish, and only thinks of herself and her reactions to the world. She does not love her husband, or the home he bought for her after their honeymoon. Hedda is an evil schemer who uses people to amuse herself. For example, Hedda just used Lovborg, as she uses everyone to make herself feel better for marrying "beneath" her. When Hedda burns the manuscript, she ruins the relationship between Lovborg and Thea, and she knows what she is doing. She knows she has the power and understanding to make everything right; however, she decides to ruin their lives, instead. She says, "Now I am burning your child, Thea! -- Wavy-haired Thea! Your child and Eilert Lövborg's. I a
Silent Narrators 365
A silent narrator in Robert Browning's poem, "My Last Duchess" is the duchess herself. She once had a painting done of herself by Fra Pandolf who had captured all her features' intimate details, including the passionate glances she loved to often make. These glances, which consisted of her blushing furiously, always occurred whenever she received compliments from anyone. She thanked many men this way, either through her blushing cheeks or even sometimes through a grateful speech. She was jolly by nature, whose passionate glances towards ot
Candide's Mentors 721
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the novel "Candide" by Voltaire. Specifically it will discuss Candide's three mentors, Pangloss, Cacambo, and Martin as to their philosophy, personal actions, and individual judgment, and relate these character traits to their solutions to the problem of Candide's fate in Chapter 30. Each of these characters is very important to Candide and his fate at the end of the book. They all influence his life in different ways, and they all create their own form of misery at the end of the book. Pangloss is more like Candide than any of his other mentors. Pangloss is Candide's tutor, he is as optimistic and positive, and helps Candide develop these qualities in his own life. He is almost a parody of philosophy in general, because he is optimistic even when his life does not warrant it. He suffers, but he will not admit it or admit it is important to his own version of reality. Pangloss is a philosopher, but he is the opposite of Martin, and serves as a foil to Martin's negativity and bleak outlook on ju
The Theories of Sociology 956
As society changes, so too must the theories that are based on that society. Thus, the sociology of consumption just developed in the 1980s with an emphasis on material, mostly mass, culture in advanced Western societies. The proponents of this theory attest that it provides an additional avenue of studying urban society, especially with inequality and political alignments. They believe that sociology has too long been dominated by 19th century issues of classical theorists such as alienation, social class, division of labor and the like. These issues stress production as a source of social meaning and basics of social order or conflict (Marshall 1998, p. 112). However, individuals such as H.F. Moorehouse stated "It should no longer be possible for analysts to operate with a notion of an alienation based on paid labor pervading all of contemporary life, nor should it be possible to privilege the factory, office, shop or mine as the crucial site of human experience and self understand
Novel and Film Versions of Truman Capote's In Cold Blood 1116
Having now read Truman Capote's American crime classic In Cold Blood, and then seen the movie version of it, originally released in 1967 and recently out in a newly-formatted DVD version starring Robert Blake as Perry Smith and Scott Wilson as Dick Hickok, I must say that the novel and the film, although they each tell the same story, are both excellent, but still, necessarily, different from each other. I liked them both equally: Capote's novel as a novel, and Richard Brooks' newly re-released 1967 film version of it. A novel is capable of exciting the individual imagination, and also demands imaginative visualization from the reader, i.e., of characters, places, etc., in ways a film does not. A film version of a book, as a consequence, may seem visually disappointing to someone who, having previously read the book, happens to visualize the characters; places, situations, etc., differently than the movie director presents them. Or, conversely, one may feel very satisf
Data Recovery Techniques 639
According to a leading provider of the service, computer security forensics uses the discovery of computer-related evidence and data, including but not limited to computer data recovery techniques and tools, the gathering of formal computer evidence processing protocols and other findings to identify the "leakage" of classified information on computer storage devices, and compiles computer data to track criminal activity conducted with computer technology. In short, computer forensics is a way to use computers to gathering evidence about crimes that use computers as a 'tool' of criminal activities. ("NIT: About Us," 2005) These crimes may be computer-related, such as spreading viruses throughout the organization, or 'real life' crimes that partially used computers. Regardless, any organization that deals regularly with the public in an online format must be concerned about computer related crimes such as identity theft, and must at least co
The Issue of Prayer in Schools and Its Constitutionality 1144
In recent years, the government's priorities have shifted substantially toward foreign policy decisions, in light of international terrorism and the need for increased cooperation to protect the global community from this threat. Although the foreign policy discussion is an important one, it has taken precedence over many of the domestic policy debates which are still unresolved in our nation. One of these disputes is the issue of prayer in schools and its constitutionality. Despite a Supreme Court decision making school-sanctioned prayer in classrooms illegal, many methods of endorsing prayer at school-sponsored events have been undertaken in a circuitous attempt to avoid the rules set up by Engel v. Vitale.1 These attempts to circumvent the Court's ruling regarding school prayer have included prayers at graduation ceremonies and prayers at sporting events, broadcast over a school-financed loudspeaker system and, in many situations, performed by a member of the clergy. These
Just and Good Freedom 568
The progress of society towards development and modernism gave birth to new ideologies and social thought, which provided an analysis of the kind of society humanity evolved to be. With the dominance of modern philosophical thought in the modern society, we are confronted with various ideologies that provide a critique of society's traditional views about freedom. Freedom as the privilege of humanity, like society, has evolved through the years. And with the onset of modernism, a new definition and conceptualization of freedom also developed. Philosophers Paulo Freire and Mortimer Adler pursued the objective to determine and define freedom that is appropriate in the context of modernism. While both endeavored to explore the nature of freedom in modern society, Freire and Adler differed in their focus of analysis. While Adler explo
The Reason Behind 1747
In the novel The Stranger by Camus (1988), the central character of Meursault commits a murder, killing an Arab man he does not know. The issue of motive arises immediately but is never answered in the normal way, for there may be not motive in the traditional sense. There is a reason, however, that the reader must determine in order to make any sense of the novel and the philosophy it represents. In analyzing the issue of motivation for Meursault, Sprintzen (1988) determines that Meursault exists outside of the usual concepts of rationality and meaning: A motive, no matter how malevolent, bespeaks an intelligible individual. A motivated act is an intelligible act; its world, a familiar world. To insist upon there being a motive--to insist so unself-consciously that the possibility that there might not be one does not even arise--while, at the same time, characterizing that motive as the willful rejection of humane sensibilities, here truly is the "best of all possible worlds." Pr
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