The development of technology with the onset of the Industrial Revolution, capitalism, and modernism created significant changes in the culture and institutions of human societies. Where technology used to be associated with machinery and manufacturing, technology in the 20th century gradually became associated with computer technology. Scientific developments shifted from macro to micro; human power centered from physical labor to intellectual improvement/development. As civilization progressed towards modernism in the 20th century, technology has become more invasive to people's lives. Inevitably, technology has penetrated not only the science sector, but other institutions as well, particularly human society's culture, politics, and economy.

             Indeed, the significant role that technology played in the culture, politics, and economy of modern society has been debated and expressed through discourses by famous philosophers and scholars on science and technology, sociology, and history. This paper discusses the main points expressed in the discourses of the following authors about science, technology, and modern society: "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" by Thomas Kuhn, "The Making of the Atomic Bomb" by Richard Rhodes, "The Innovator's Dilemma" by Clayton Christensen, "Cosmopolis" by Stephen Toulmin, and "Hackers" by Steven Levy. Kuhn and Rhodes discussed the influence and significance of technology in politics, while Christensen discussed the role that technology played in the booming computer industry and economy. Lastly, both Toulmin and Levy contemplated in their discourses the effect that technology has over human society, and how these effects influenced the nature of human thinking for the 20th century, and possibly, in the future years.

             In his discourse, "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions," author Thomas Kuhn emphasized the almost parallel characteristics that political and scientific revolutions have with each other.