.

             In addition there was archaeological evidence that the Shang culture moved into the Neolithic era. In other words, they changed from a hunting-gathering, nomadic way of life to settling in towns and villages where they grew their own food and domesticated animals (Wikipedia, 2006). Life during the Shang dynasty was based on agriculture and raising animals, although they also hunted. They learned to domesticate dogs and pigs, and ate both animals. They also raised horses and oxen (Deng, 1999, p. 17).

             The Shang developed a complicated society that included a king, nobles, priests, and artisans. The king also held the position of high priest (Shang, 2005). The king lived within the city, which was walled (Deng, 1999, p. 19). A number of cities were built, and they were all laid out north to south. All buildings had four sides and were constructed of mud and wood beams. Along with the king, the nobles and priests lived within the city (Sharpe, 1996). Most of the peasants lived outside the city walls, although a few lived in the city. However, those who lived within the city lived in very poor housing that consisted of pits and cellars (Sharpe, 1996).

             Most ordinary people lived outside the city walls in small villages. They grew millet, and barley and may have grow rice as well. Their farm tools were simple and made out of food. Each farmer's land was divided into nine sections, and they had to give the harvest from one section to the lord who owned the land. These people lived a very primitive life compared to those who lived within the city walls (Sharpe, 1996). .

             In spite of the rough life style of a Shang farmer, farming was a highly respected occupation and farmers were treated with considerable honor. In Shang society they ranked higher than other skilled commoners including artisans and merchants (Franz, 1986, p. 88.

             The nobles, supported by the farmers on their land, spent much of their time either in warfare or hunting (Sharpe, 1996).