These racist barriers, were aimed at discouraging and excluding Japanese Americans from economic growth in the US.

             In terms of the US economy, most Japanese workers were now forced to start out at the lowest levels of employment. In addition, Japanese workers were paid significantly less in comparison to wages received by white workers. In some cases Japanese workers earned .50 cents on the dollar earned by white workers. This wage discrimination pattern continued across various working environments throughout America, forcing Japanese immigrants into employment as laborers, service workers, or domestic servants for whites. (F&F p.396) .

             Because of the institutional discrimination provided by the majority of white-collar employment, Japanese Americans were forced into starting and owning their own small businesses. Opposition to the Japanese and their businesses led to boycotts, and anti-Japanese advertising. Examples of this movement included the Anti-Jap Laundry League, whose main goal was to push the Japanese out of the laundry businesses, which had proven a successful avenue for many Japanese immigrants. (F&F p.397) Overall the Japanese were hardworking competitors who resisted the racist attempts to force them out of their businesses. (F&F p.397) This strong resistance to discrimination can be seen in other areas of the Japanese immigration.

             In the educational arena, Japanese Americans were discriminated against through rules and regulations concerning their inclusion in the class room. Despite these racist restrictions, the Japanese continued to place a large focus on education, viewing it as a way out of the low level jobs and into higher paying positions. White fears of racial mixing spawned the attempts by many whites to protest for segregated schooling for Japanese Americans. Japanese integration into white schools was viewed as threat to the displacement of white children in school.