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| Title | Word Count |
|---|---|
| Deal of Downsizing in Corporations, Businesses and Other Organizations | 2023 |
| Abstract: In recent years, there has been a great deal of downsizing in corporations, businesses and other organizations throughout the United States. According to the two papers noted below, the negative effects of such layoffs cannot be completely eliminated, but they can be helped or reduced moderately through specific actions such as increased communication and counseling and trust- and team-building. Amundson (2004) notes that corporate downsizing has become an important area of study due to the increasing impact on the American workforce. Most companies do little to prepare their employees for such negative measures. The majority of studies on this topic have focused on the victims of the layoffs; few have centered on the survivors. The studies that focused on survivors primarily used survey methods that assessed commitment, motivation, level of performance, job satisfaction, stress symptoms, and coping mechanisms and how these are related to self-affirmation, gender and organi | |
| Community Policing Problem in the United States | 915 |
| Many reports from newspapers and journals claim that community policing is increasing in popularity across the United States. However there are also numerous reports that point out that community policing is not a panacea for all social ills. While community policing is in theory a very effective way of combating crime, yet in reality there are many practical problem that have to be overcome. Community policing is generally seen as a system of policing that requires optimum cooperation between the police force and the public so that the most effective methods of crime prevention and apprehension can be employed. A definition from the California Attorney General's Office is a as follows: "Community policing is a philosophy, management style, and organizational strategy that promotes pro-active problem solving and police-community partnerships to address the causes of crime and fear as well as other community issues." (COMMUNITY ORIENTED POLICING) In a theoretical and ideal sense | |
| Story of Plate Tectonics | 1237 |
| The story of Plate Tectonics is the story of continents drifting from place to place, breaking apart, colliding, and grinding against each other (Story pp). It is also the story of terrestrial mountain ranges rising up while being pushed together, of oceans opening and closing, of undersea mountain chains girdling the planet like seams on a baseball, and of violent earthquakes and fiery volcanoes (Story pp). Plate Tectonics describes the intricate design of a complex, living planet in a state of dynamic flux (Story pp). Examination of the globe usually results in the observation that most of the continents seem to fit together like a puzzle (Plate pp). For example, the west African coastline appears to snuggle into the eat coast of South America and the Caribbean sea, and a similar fit appears across the Pacific (Plate pp). The fit is even more evident when the submerged continental shelves are compared rather than the coastlines (Plate pp). In 1912, Alfred Wegener, 1880-193 | |
| American Involvement in World War II | 685 |
| Many people think that the United States' involvement in World War II did not actually begin until Japan infamously attacked the American navy base at Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941. However, in truth, even before the Pearl Harbor attack by the Japanese, the American President, Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) and other U.S. military, industrial, and economic leaders had taken initial steps to mobilize the nation into a wartime economy. In terms of both mobilization at home and social effects of the war, the onset of World War II contributed greatly to changes, many of them permanent, in American society and the American way of life. In the build-up to the war, American factories were offered economic rewards by the government for adopting wartime production modes and practices. Consequently, United States industry focused increasingly on military-style production. For example, factories like Ford Motor Company, once dedicated solely to automobile production, also begin large-scale manufacturing | |
| A Prisoner's Re-Entry into Society | 2496 |
| Prisoner re-entry is a vitally important issue today which has yet to reach its full impact on the minds and lives of voters. However, with every passing year the importance of this topic becomes more evident. Since the eighties, every passing year has brought more pressure for harsher and longer imprisonment and more streamlined mandatory sentencing rules. This has not only resulted in an exploding prison population, but also in a drastic increase in the number of prisoners re-released into communities. Additionally, the push towards more punitive measures has decreased educational opportunities in prisons and the availability of rehabilitation programs. This means that released prisoners are increasingly unable to reintegrate into their communities, increasingly prone to recidivism, and increasingly violent in each release and re-capture cycle. Even the conservative Bush administration has recognized the threat posed by unprepared prisoner re-entry and responded with a series of gra | |
| A Day in a Life | 1382 |
| My morning ritual begins at 7:30 a.m. when I wake up, wash my face, apply fresh make-up, fix my hair, put my clothes on and let the dogs out. This is a weekday ritual that I have performed everyday, except Saturday and Sunday, for seventeen years. I know that it takes me exactly twenty minutes to get myself ready for work. At 7:50 a.m., I woke up my 4 year-old grandson and dressed him for Daycare, then I gave him his vitamins and fed him his breakfast, which consisted of an apple and apple juice. When he has finished eating, he goes to the restroom. At 8:20 a.m., I let the dogs back into the house and two minutes later my grandson and I walked outside, picked up the newspaper, and headed for Daycare. We arrived at 8:30 a.m. and after goodbyes, I leave the Daycare and stopped at the Shell station for gas. By 8:35 a.m. I was headed to work. Exactly 30 minutes later, at 9:05 a.m., I have arrived at work. From the time I walk in until 11:30 a.m. I worked on a spreadsheet pres | |
| Two Reasons Causing the American Revolution | 689 |
| It maybe suggested that the American Revolution was inevitable. America was far from its colonial master, and unlike colonies in Africa (for example) most of the colonists were both here by choice and considered this new land to be a true home, which weakened their loyalty to the former homeland. America was a huge land rich in natural resources, and as the colonies grew it seems certain that eventually their citizens might resent having these resources co-opted by a little island across that Atlantic. Moreover, the settlers in America were an independent sort, a tendency encouraged by the vast frontier and predicted by their own or their ancestor's willingness to cross oceans to escape the control of an authoritarian state. So it seems most likely that the revolution would happen some day. Yet there must be a specific reason why it happened in 1775 rather than, say, in 1710 or in 1864. There seem to be two main reasons why the revolution occurred when it did: the stressors caused by the ending of salutary neglec | |
| How the Civil War Began | 647 |
| The United States was founded upon conflict. As early as the Constitutional Convention of 1787 in Philadelphia the lines of contention were already drawn: the commercial interests of the North conflicted with the planter interests of the South. When the Constitutional Convention convened the founders of the United States sought to put into writing the philosophical basis for the nation they had recently created-and slavery was an issue. The perpetuation of slavery was a direct contradiction to their premise that "all men are created equal," and many members of the Convention called for its abolishment. However, it was acknowledged that the Southern economy could not function without it; slavery continued, but only where it was indispensable. Yet its continuation was not necessarily ideological; it was not that Southerners were inherently more evil or cruel than Northerners-the divide between the states possessed more practical origins. In its essence, sl | |
| The American Revolution Written in 2002 | 648 |
| Over the past few years, a number of historians have written about the first years of the American experience. In most cases, they either rave about the actions of the patriots: How this was unlike any other time in world history--when being bullied, it is necessary to take the defensive. Or, they take a much more negative view: This whole event should not be blown out of proportion. It just happened to be the right time and place for something like this to occur. Just look at what did happen-or actually what did not happen. Slavery, sexism and imperialism continued, just under another guise. So what? In The American Revolution written in 2002, Gordon S. Wood, one of the most knowledgeable writers on this time period, takes a much more realistic-and pragmatic-approach. Unlike so many who now write about the America's past, he does not have any hidden agenda or political leaning. He has no desire to be one of those historians who emphasizes the faults of thi | |
| Importance of Management's Budget | 609 |
| Budgeting is not really something that should be discussed, but rather something that every company should be using in order to properly evaluate its financial possibilities, as well as to plan ahead the company's financial spending and investments, corroborated with any financial liabilities. As analysts have pointed out, "a budget is simply (1) a tool to increase your consciousness of how and where you spend your money and (2) a guideline to help you spend your money on the things that are most important to you"1. These two components of a budgeting definition should be showing us why budgeting is so important and why everyone should be opting for it. So, budgeting greatly helps with two different components. One of them is the fact that it shows where the money is actually going. In other words, the company using a budgeting tool will know exactly the expenses it has assumed, as well as any i | |
| Prayer in Public Schools | 1271 |
| Prayer in public schools has been a subject of controversy ever since the Supreme Court ruled in 1962 that "any kind of prayer, composed by public school districts, even non-denominational, is unconstitutional government sponsorship of religion" (U.S. Supreme Court Decisions on Separation of Church and State web site). The next year the Court found that "Bible reading over the school intercom was unconstitutional" because it forced a child "to participate in Bible reading and prayer." The Court banned posting the 10 Commandments in school in 1980 and ruled in 1985 that a moment of silence in school, if done to encourage prayer, was unconstitutional (Answers.com). All these decisions are based on the U.S. Constitution which bars the State from sponsoring any particular religion: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech..." (The U.S. Constitution Online). The teachers and admini | |
| Educational Curriculum for Students Social and Coping Skill | 345 |
| In order to promote the lofty ideals of the Catholic community, our school must sustain an environment in which Christians and Catholics can forge a solid psychological, social, and spiritual identity. To do so, all instructors and faculty must be aware of the intricacies of modern popular culture so that they can relate to students in a way that is meaningful to them. Curriculum, while solidly traditional, must reflect the changing needs of the social, cultural, and psychological identities of the students. To | |
| The Classroom of an Idealist Person | 648 |
| The teacher smiles, full of joy at the opportunity to teach. As an idealist, he or she embodies the optimal instructor, hearkening to the model of the ancients like Socrates. Classics of philosophy and literature form the basis of the teacher's educational philosophy. Educated at one of the best universities in the nation if not the world, the idealist educator uses his or her educational credentials to pass on wisdom to new and younger students. Serving through example, the educational idealist teaches in the vein of the ancient wisdom philosophies. Classics, such as the texts of ancient Greece, Rome, India, and China, serve as the fundamental models for teaching. The teacher is at once an authoritarian figure and a friend: one who is hip to the current social norms but also strictly versed in the classics. With one foot in the world of progressivism and the other in the world of classicism, the idealist embodies the perennial teacher. In the idealist cla | |
| Existentialist Curriculum on the Humanities | 928 |
| "I should seek not the way, but my way." Rather than follow a strict set of rules about what school should or should not be like, the existentialist chooses his or her own vision of education. There is truly no one right way for students to learn or one method of teaching that is universally applicable. Existentialism classrooms therefore offer freedom for both educator and student. The existentialist model also encourages growth and creativity through limitless freedom. As Blaise Pascal said, "Live today as if you were to die tomorrow." According to this philosophy, the students and teachers would do whatever they felt inspired to do at that moment, and curriculum would be loose. The existentialist teacher eschews structure. The existentialist does not attempt to become a specialist because to do so is too restricting. I agree with the quote, "Specialization diminishes a man-He is a creature of knowledge, not the master of it." I also appreciate the existentialist vision of education | |
| Existentialist Classroom | 369 |
| Filled with computers, books, and hands-on materials, the existentialist classroom is devoted to individual student development and creative expression. Existentialism adds metaphysical meaning to the classroom. Students learn material that is meaningful to them personally; they do not feel, as they do in other classrooms, that what they learn will have no bearing on the real world. Moreover, existentialist learning touches the very core of their existence, and helps them discover the meaning of life from their own perspective. Teachers offer read | |
| The Realist Educational Classroom | 447 |
| There are many differences among philosophers known as realists, yet they generally agree upon certain assumptions. They believe that the world is made of real, substantial, material entities. There are natural laws that clearly determine and regulate the existence of all articles in the world of nature. When born, the human mind is blank. From then on throughout the remainder of life, myriad of sensations are impressed on the person's brain. These impressions encourage learning. Therefore, knowledge is derived through the experience of the senses. Humans can leverage this knowledge by relying on reason to discover objects and relationships, which can or cannot | |
| The Ultimate Reality | 375 |
| "Matter is the ultimate reality: hills, trees, cities, and starts are not simply ideas in the mind of observing individuals..."This quote assumes that an objective reality is not impacted by the observer; that there is a reality "out there" that is completely independent. It is up to us, the observer, to learn about and interpret that reality. We can therefore be mistaken about the fundamental nature of reality: as when the earth was believed to be flat. Similarly, when change occurs in nature, it always does so in accordance with the laws of nature. If hu | |
| Emphasis on Realism Through Hands-On Learning | 453 |
| The universe has a physical reality and I do believe that we must teach the nature of that reality to students. Through experimental science or through hands-on learning, realism should be emphasized in every classroom. Students will have plenty of time on their own to engage their creative and artistic faculties. On the other hand, I do not necessarily agree with the stance that students are merely "minds to be trained." Such a position assumes that all students are the same and that all students learn the same way. Quite the contrary, students have different learning styles. Although the realistic classroom can impart valuable foundations in academic knowledge, the tea | |
| Discipline for Dealing with Problem | 888 |
| "Missing Money." My first reaction is to look at all the students involved and at their reactions. Eileen looks shocked, but does Carol look guilty? While Carol may have behavior issues, I cannot make snap judgments about her and the missing money. Other options would be to talk to Carol and Eileen, and try to get to the bottom of the missing money from them. Talking to Carol might frighten her enough for her to confess. I would talk to them privately, and I would also talk to the student who called out "Carol took it," and find out if he or she actually saw Carol take the money from the wallet. If no one confesses, there is not a lot I can do, but I can ask the class if anyone saw anything, and weigh their answers. I cannot accuse Carol of something I didn't see, just because she has a bad reputation in the classroom. I have to depend on eyewitnesses and concrete information. I could also check Carol's wallet and see if the money was there. My long term solution would be to | |
| Fairly Critiquing an Investigator's Research Endeavor | 1531 |
| Fairly critiquing an investigator's research endeavor is a task that must be taken seriously. Although it is quite easy to have an opinion of another's research it is something quite different to be able to evaluate the research activity in terms of topic specificity and soundness, intent or purpose, data analysis, and informational importance. When embarking upon a critical analysis of another's work the reviewer must, at all times, adhere to the basic principle of prudent evaluation; namely, evaluating the structure of the research upon which scientific conclusion are drawn. More specifically, the function of a research report (article) is to inform readers about the problem being investigated, the methods used to solve the problem, the results of the investigation, and the conclusions being inferred from the results. The printed manuscript is to inform the reader, as expeditiously as possible, what was done, the outcome of the doing, and the investigator's conclusion. In addition | |
| Rebecca Jones' "Defining Diversity" | 880 |
| In the article "Defining Diversity" (October 2002) author Rebecca Jones observes that, within K-12 public school settings today, 'diversity' is increasingly being defined in one of two ways: (1) ethnic or racial diversity (i.e., the traditional public school ethnic mix brought about through busing; vouchers, re-redistricting, and various other measures, some of them better, and more successful, than others) and socioeconomic status (SES) diversity (a way of defining, and perhaps reaching, public school diversity based on social class, and without "playing the race card" (Jones). There is no easy solution to the problem, although in my view, the measures taken by the Wake County School System in North Carolina, as described in "Defining Diversity", could perhaps be efficacious in maintaining public school diversity in other areas of the United States as well. Potential relevance and importance of the article's subject matter, to a school administrator, is that as this article | |
| Reflection of Educational Philosophy | 399 |
| More than ever, teachers have myriad of decisions to make in their classrooms. Naturally, they have to determine curricula, how to rate the students on their work and the specific grades to give to each pupil. However, a teacher's responsibility goes far beyond this. They must decide what other skills would be helpful, or even essential, to live in this fast-paced global environment. Beyond the academics, students need education in intercommunication, diversity and multiculturalism, time management, critical thinking, creativity and expression, and multi-tasking. Many students also need self | |
| Wealthy and Lower Socioeconomic Communities Differences | 815 |
| There exists an achievement gap among wealthy and lower socio economic communities. Students who come from schools within lower socioeconomic communities do not often receive the same education or services from wealthier districts. New Jersey has responded to this inequitable situation with the Abbot funding process. Recently two local communities, Long Branch and Neptune, have been threatened with the loss of their Abbott status; as a result of additional mandates from the federal No Child Left Behind Act, many such schools are being threatened with the loss of their funding if they fail to meet minimum academic achievement standards. To determine the impact of this potential loss, this paper will provide insights into local concerns in Long Branch to identify how this loss would affect the academic achievement gap. This discussion will be followed by a report on two areas where it is believed equity will be lost to the district. In their Abbott vs. Burke decision, the New Jer | |
| The Typical American School Board Regulations And Policies | 815 |
| According to Shannon (1994), school board members today are increasingly recognizing that genuine education reform is only possible when it is completely fashioned in the local community and only when there is a firm commitment to support and maintain it locally. "The school board," he says, "is the most credible agent of change in the community it serves. Elected directly by the people in the community (less than 3% are appointed by other locally elected officials), the school board has the political support to lead educational change in the best tradition of Jeffersonian democracy" (p. 387). To accomplish change effectively, though, a school board's consistent message to the entire school system must be that systemic reform is its main goal rather than just a passing fad (Kirst, 1994). Local school boards play a major role in coordinating numerous policies and identifying gaps in policies and potential conflicts between them; for example, state assessment requirements could confl | |
| Benefits on Using Wind Mill Electric Source | 972 |
| In 1987, Renner and Renner wrote, "One year after the dramatic collapse of world oil prices, any initial enthusiasm about it has yielded to a more sober assessment of the inter- national energy market. The predicted benefits of the oil price drop have turned out to be grossly overstated: cheap, abundant oil is clearly not the solution to the world economy's deep structural problems. Moreover, oil does not seem likely to remain cheap and abundant. Last year's turmoil is part of a larger boom-bust cycle that will almost certainly usher in a new energy crisis sometime in the 1990's." Now it is 2005, and the price of gasoline seems to rise every day. Just as Renner and Renner saw in the 80's, once again we are reminded, every time we fill our gas tanks, that over-reliance on oil for energy is a poor energy plan. While many options exist to create energy from non-petroleum sources, one showing increased success is the use of wind. Wind generates electricity when its force on windmills cre | |
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