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Characterization of Freud's Theories and Practice 634
Breuer, after seeing Anna for her mysterious hallucinations, elusive paralysis, and overall "hysteria," realized that in the evenings Anna would fall into a "quiet trance," mumbling words to herself (p. 27). When Breuer repeated the words she uttered back to her, Anna would divulge the imagery and content of her hallucinations. When she emerged from that trance state, she would feel better. Breuer noted also that when Anna did not describe the hallucinations in this manner that she would experience "extreme anxiety" for the rest of the night (p. 28). Anna dubbed this method the "talking cure," and the talking cure would become the basis for Breuer's cathartic method. Yet although the talking cure helped Anna feel better, she continued to exhibit new symptoms such as hydrophobia. One evening during a trance state, Anna recalled an event that occurred in her past, a specific memory that had first triggered her hydrophobia. It was the reco
The Different Methods and Styles of Leadership 853
In a seminal and much-cited article on the subject of lead-ership, Lewin, Lippitt, and White (1939) coined the term demo-cratic-style leadership to refer to a method of managing that involved give and take between leaders, or managers, and the people whose jobs they were guiding. Later identified with group leadership, democratic leadership was valorized vis-A -vis auto-cratic leadership on one side and laissez-faire leadership on the other. One may readily infer the bias in favor of democratic leadership style from the mere naming of the other style terms. The autocratic style of leadership has been linked to the so-called scientific management methods envisioned by Frederick Taylor, who in the early part of the 20th century was influen-tial in devising a strategy of workplace behavior meant to elim-inate uncertainty and chaos in the workplace. The problem was that managers tended to leave employees out of the policy-imple-mentation equation. Supposedly, scientific management would e
Economics and Ethics 1882
The area of ethics in economics is a divisive one, over which there has been considerable debate. Ethics has many interpretations in the history of philosophy as well as in economic history. Very simply, ethics refers to an understanding of certain forms of behavior as either right or wrong. "The field of ethics, also called moral philosophy, involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior." (Ethics) However, there are many complex aspects to the understanding of ethics. An early idea of ethics was put forward by the philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill in the 19th Century. They suggested that ethical action was concerned with providing "... the greatest balance of good over evil." (Ethics) On the one hand, economics is fundamentally driven in a systems and practical sense by the need to acquire profit and accumulate wealth. On the other hand there is a growing debate about ethical responsibility and integrity in the business
Harmonization of Financial Accounting and Reporting 4227
Introduction: It is a fact that in any enterprise, its various and numerous corporate governance policies must function within a system that makes sure that all its accounting polices are carried out only after the preparation of the financial reports of the enterprise. The same system must also be able to make sure that the reports prepared are not only fair, but are also unbiased, and are representative. The basic management of any enterprise would need more information than what is generally contained within its financial statements. This would in turn be utilized for planning, decision making, and fro control within the organization. If the financial statement were to include, for example, accounting information as well, then it would become a fundamental source of data, which could be well used for the running of the enterprise. The problem in the creation and the development of an international accounting standard is that fact that the adoption of a sort of 'dual reporting' sys
The Federal Reserve Bank of the United States 461
Although Congress created the nation's central bank in the form of the Federal Reserve, the Federal Reserve Bank is actually independent of Congress and is formally decentralized. The Fed has Reserve Banks and branches in twelve districts across the country, although it a Board of Governors located in Washington, D.C formally oversees its actions. The Fed receives no government appropriations, but funds its activities with the interest earned from loans to banks and investments in government securities and from the revenue it receives from providing services to financial institutions. Before there was a central bank, bank notes were backed with gold and silver. However, bank runs
Benefits of Solar Energy Industry in the U.S.A. 1350
Solar technology refers to the technology of using the sun's rays of energy in order to provide heat, light, heated water, and even electricity, which can be used in homes, business establishments, and in schools, and so on. Solar energy can also be utilized for cooling purposes, and there are in fact several different types of solar energy. Some of them are: 'photovoltaic' or solar cell systems, passive solar heating systems, and day lighting, and also space heat or cooling systems. (National Renewable Energy Laboratory: Solar Research) As more and more people everywhere are learning the benefits of solar energy and the ways and means in which this versatile energy may be used, industries based on solar energy systems have been reaping the benefits. Figures show that the usage of solar energy has risen by about 25 % per annum over the past few years, and the US market has showed a growth of 27 % in 2004, as compared to 17 % in 2003. (Fast Solar Energy Facts, Global Performance) Howev
Committing A Savage Crime 1068
Guy de Maupassant's short story "Mother Savage" is set in rural France sometime after the Franco-Prussian War. The narrator, who remains unnamed, goes hunting with his friend Serval, whose chateau was destroyed during the war. Serval is clearly an aristocrat, but the narrator's identity and social class status is unclear. Walking through the countryside of Virelogne, the narrator describes its woods and hills lyrically and with obvious love and affection for the region: "one of those delightful spots which have a sensuous charm for the eyes." The time of year is autumn. Recalling "certain woods, certain pools, certain hills," the narrator remembers much of the Virelogne region as he hikes with Serval. Soon they come upon a cottage that the narrator also recognizes, from having stopped there to share wine with the inhabitants in 1869, before the war broke out. The narrator is shocked to see that the cottage is "in ruins," and asked Serval what happened. Serval relates the story of the
Meeting Organizational Goals 673
Effective leadership unites and inspires individuals to use their knowledge, creativity, and skill to excel at meeting organizational goals. Institutional Effectiveness may be defined as the ongoing quest for quality and the demonstration of how well an institution is fulfilling its mission and realizing its vision. The institution may appreciate quality and effectiveness by employing a comprehensive system of planning and evaluation in the major aspects of the organization. It provides documentation of planning, assessment, and the use of results in decision-making. That's why institutional effectiveness is a leadership tool that intends to strengthen the quality of services, to produce a continuous cycle of improvement inside an organization and to monitor its effectiveness in achieving its mission and purposes. Accordingly, the institution collects and analyzes relevant data and uses this information in the institutional planning process as a basis for sustaining quality and self-improvemen
Larry King's Communication Using Verbal and Non-Verbal Techniques 726
The purpose of this paper is to use specific verbal and non-verbal communications techniques to explain and describe how Larry King communicates with his audiences and guests. Proxemics - King's use of space during his broadcasts at first seems minimal. He does not move around a lot, and he seems to be listening intently to his guests. However, as shows progress and he gets into his subject, he does being to use a lot of upper of body language or arm movement. He does use hand and arm movements when he is making a special point or asking a particularly difficult question, and he does things like cover his face or put his hand out in a gesture that gets in front of the camera lens that most communicators are taught not to do. He uses these movements almost like punctuation to add to the impact of the words. He does use eye movement and some moving about in his chair as he asks questions and responds to guests. He sometimes moves his head as he makes a point too. Yet, King commands his space. He does not infringe on the space of his guests, but he does manage to co
An Effective Women's Counselor 895
My primary idea of success is using the skills and talents I have developed over the course of my career, to share information and support with women in transition. Success, for me, would be the ability to contribute something meaningful to women who struggle with the issues we all face. I feel I would be an effective Women's Counselor, working out of my home, and setting my own schedule. I also relish the idea of having time at home to pursue more creative activities in addition to earning the money I need. Retirement from a lifelong job as insurance administrator is in my near future. In order to work toward the goal of becoming a counselor, there are several steps I need to consider. Logistics: During the last two years at my job as an insurance administrator, I plan to request a flexible work schedule that will allow me to work four days a week. I will initially structure my new work schedule around two classes at the local college. These two courses will allow me to m
The Life of Pablo Escobar "The Godfather" 1387
Pablo Emilio Gavoroa Escobar-also known as "The Godfather"-was the founder and leader of the Medellin Colombian drug cartel in the 1970's and 1980's. One of the most powerful drug traffickers in the world, he started out in cocaine trafficking as a middleman who obtained small amounts of coca paste from Ecuador and sold it within Colombia. He then bought it from newly established laboratories in the Columbian Amazon where the paste had been converted into cocaine and employed couriers ("mules") who moved it to traffickers in Panama This was not sufficient to bring in serious money, though, and Escobar took the business vertical so that he could buy in bulk directly from Bolivia and Peru. Using the cash he had obtained through partnerships with the Ochoa brothers, he started making cocaine in his own laboratories. "By the mid-1970s, his criminal activities in car theft, kidnapping, fencing stolen goods, and drug trafficking yielded sufficient profits to establish his own labs and sm
Alcoholism with Solution and Prevention 779
Alcoholism is a disorder characterized by excessive drinking and repeated and uncontrollable drinking of alcoholic beverages. In simple terms, alcoholism is a pure dependence on alcohol. Alcoholism is a combination of psychological, sociological, and emotional disorder causing diverse problems to the patient. This may include loss of job, loss of wealth, and even loss of family relationship. An online source characterizes alcoholism as follows. Craving: A strong need, or compulsion, to drink. Loss of control: The frequent inability to stop drinking once a person has begun. Physical dependence: The occurrence of withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety, when alcohol use is stopped after a period of heavy drinking. These symptoms are usually relieved by drinking alcohol or by taking another sedative drug. Tolerance: The need for increasing amounts of alcohol in order to get "high." Nature and Extent of Alcoholism There are many nature of alcoholism. It can be caused by influence of friends, by personal problems causing a person to drink too much, or just by habitual drinking. However, there is not
The Juvenile Justice System Vs. The Adult Justice System 1078
Introduction In this paper, we will compare and contrast the juvenile justice system versus the adult justice system. When they are analyzed in this way, a more meaningful understanding of the two can be discovered as well as their fundamental similarities and differences. Relevant literature will be used to reinforce examples in the research as well. The Juvenile Justice System Juvenile crime in generations past mostly consisted of the minor offenses that one would expect from juveniles, such as vandalism, school truancy, petty theft/shoplifting, possession of small amounts of recreational drugs, and the like. However, in the present, juvenile crime means much more than that. Statistics show an overall increase in violent crime among juveniles (rape, murder, major drug related violence, etc) over the past twenty-five years (Redding, 1999). These types of crimes have caused the juvenile justice system to evolve, not necessarily for the better. Since the 1980's the juvenil
The Shang Dynasty of China 1305
The Shang dynasty of China is the first dynasty for which there are any historical records. Some date it from 766 B.C. to c.1122 B.C, while others place it at from c.1523 B.C. to c.1027 B.C. (Shang, 2005). Another source gives the dates as from 1600 BC to 1046 BC (Wikipedia, 2006). The Shang dynasty came after the Xia dynasty, about which little is known, and before the Zhou dynasty (Wikipedia, 2006). Even with some historical records, other information is based on legends. According to these legends, its founder was T'ang, who supposedly defeated the Hsia Ruler Chieh (Shang, 2005). T'ang and those who followed him governed the first real city-state in what is now Henan province, and may have ruled other, smaller areas as well (Shang, 2005). The Shang frequently fought against the Huns and the Chou, who eventually defeated the last Shang ruler (Shang, 2005). The Shang dynasty was at first believed to be a myth because no real evidence of their existence could be found. That changed
Dynamics of Nursing Administration of Poudre Valley Hospital 1228
Introduction This analysis will review the leadership and organizational style at Poudre Valley Hospital in Fort Collins, CO. Poudre Valley Hospital located in Colorado is a magnet hospital consistently aspiring for excellence in health care delivery. PVH is considered a leading source of healthcare for residents living in northeastern CO and outlying regions including southern Wyoming and western Kansas (AHA, 2003). PVH is nationally known as a Magnet hospital awarded for its nursing excellence via the American Nurses Credentialing Center (AHA, 2003). Nursing director's work directly with general managers in the organization to ensure the success of the organization. The nursing director is considered a pivotal person in the development of positive nursing roles and a positive nurse team (AHA, 2003). In this organizational structure the director of nursing serves at the executive level of the organization (AHA, 2003). The director of nursing reports directly to the CEO. The organi
Purification and Isolation of Beta-Amylase from Soybeans 818
Introduction and Background This paper is a detailed research protocol describing the methods and procedures necessary to isolate and purify beta-amylase from soybeans. Two different types of soybeans will be tested- green (immature) and brown (mature). Since the immature soybeans are sweeter, it is presumed that they have a higher beta-amylase activity. Mature beans, by contrast, are richer in protein, but are less sweet in flavor since there is less beta-amylase present to metabolize the starch into sugar. Therefore, the hypothesis for the experiment is: Green Soybeans have higher amylase activity compared to mature soybeans. This will be discovered by biochemical assays that measure the amylase activity in the soybeans. Following is a complete list of the steps in this process, including the preparation of special solutions, and detailed descriptions of the process to be undertaken. A complete list of reagents and chemicals is also presented here. List of Steps:
Admission Essay of Georgetown University 294
I have started my career as a Certified Nursing Assistant for 10 years of nursing home experience. I became talented and versatile professional during those times. And in 1997 to 2003, I continued this kind of work in a Regional Hospital. I was able to apply what I have learned and developed in my past career. I collaborated with nurses to provide excellent care and support for the patients. I monitored the safety and wellness of each
Proper Behavior and Positive Attitude Towards Others 283
During my childhood days, I was aware of my own behavior towards other people. I knew that for every action that I did there were always consequences. And soon I realized that this is the degree I wanted to specialize, the Bachelor of Arts in Psychology. This degree will help me fulfill my dream on becoming a Psychologist. I have worked in a Regional Hospital for six years from 1997 to 2003. I became a Certified Nursi
Aggregate Demand and Government Spending 431
According to the principles of micro economic theory (which does not take into account aggregate, or national demand, but only considers particular spheres of demand in the national economy) as prices decrease, average consumer demand will increase. For example: Oranges=60 cents/Average Consumer Demand=2 Oranges=40 cents/Average Consumer Demand=4 Eventually, even if individuals have less money to spend due to a rising national unemployment rate, micro economic theory suggests that producers will have to price their goods so cheaply, that demand, production, and thus employment will all increase. However, this has not always proved
The Prison Reform: Rehabilitation To Reduce Recidivism 2296
Prison reform is a significant issue for many Americans. The prison population is expanding at a phenomenal rate, often beyond the capacity of the existing system to accommodate the swelling ranks of the incarcerated. The focus for many is increasingly on rehabilitation as a means to reduce recidivism and consequently reduce the number of individuals who must be placed in prisons every year. In the early 1990s, the number of people jailed in the United States topped one million (Maxwell 34). By 2000, that number had doubled, and by 2003 more than 2.2 million people were living their lives in prisons (Sullivan 56; Coy 992). The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which the role of the prison as rehabilitator is at all effective. Additionally, I will examine whether or not reforms are being made that increase the rehabilitative capacity of American prisons. In the end, it is my conclusion that the American prison system is not functionally capable of significant pri
The Boston Snowball Fight 319
The Townsend Act: Four Items Taxed were Lead, Paper, Glass and Tea. The Americans wanted to pay royal governors out of their own pockets because the British Parliament had no right to tax them since they did not have representatives. Thus, because they had no representation, they declared that they would pay only if such acts were passed by their legislature. Redcoats were British soldiers. They were unpopular in the colonies because they were basically tax collectors f
Variety of Rhetorical Techniques in The Unbearable Whiteness of Skiing 2760
In her essay, "The Unbearable Whiteness of Skiing," author Annie Gilbert Coleman uses a variety of rhetorical techniques in order to convince the reader of the negative effects of the segregation that pervades ski slopes in the western United States. Irony is one of the strongest devices she employs as she discusses the fact that, although Hispanics and Native Americans are represented in the population of these western states, they are represented only in the kitchens and laundries of the ski resorts. In addition to exposing the irony of the situation, Coleman also uses similes, metaphors, meta discourse, and attention to structure in order to make her point that ski slopes do not fairly or accurately represent the population and that socioeconomic factors have given skiing a whiteness that has nothing to do with snow. The author employs a careful structure in her essay so that the reader is driven to understanding her point as if he or she were getting off a ski lift at the begi
Stem Cell Research: Making Choices and Ethical Concerns 1087
As the world becomes more technically advanced, it will be necessary to make decisions on some very complex issues. For example, many people are grappling with their thoughts on stem cell research. There has been so much written on this topic, for and against, it is difficult to assimilate all the information. Stem cell research is opening the door to many possibilities that will have a major impact on the future. It is important for the topic to be clearly explained, so individuals of all backgrounds, not only scientists, but lay people, older students and young adults as well, can look at the options and make a clear decision. A stem cell is a cell from which other cells can develop. One of the major discoveries in 1998 was when researchers successfully isolated stem cells from human embryos and aborted fetuses. Many believe that due to stem cell research and regeneration, people living in future decades may have no concern about major diseases, disabling injuries and aging (Vieg
A Roman Catholic Perspective on Capital Punishment 355
It is sometimes easy to understand why so many Americans speak in favor of capital punishment. All of the people condemned to death in the United States are murders. These people have committed horrible crimes. But as a Roman Catholic, I understand that I should not use my anger at the crime of murder, to excuse the murder of another human being. Just because someone in prison has killed another person does not give me the moral right to kill the prisoner. Only God can judge the souls of human beings, and take and give l
The Right to Express Personal Views 1607
United States citizens are accustomed to high levels of individual choice. In the past century, numerous behavioral choices that were once considered crimes are now left up to the individual. For instance, homosexual acts between two consenting adults were classified as crimes in many states. However, our laws have always recognized that individual freedoms may be curbed when their execution puts others in danger or otherwise interferes with the freedoms of others. A classic example of this conflict between individual choice and the larger good exists in the area of freedom of speech. Our right to express personal views, such as political opinions, is solidly protected by the United States Constitution. However, having "freedom of speech" does not mean we are free to shout "FIRE!" in a crowded movie theater when no fire exists, because shouting "FIRE!" in a crowd puts others in danger as people rush to get out of the theater. Our government has an obligation both to protect individual
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